Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

• Understand the automotive emissions sources, regulations and available after-treatment technologies. 
• Understand the various trade-offs and the engineering tools required to engineer exhaust after-treatment systems.
• Analyze the effects of modifications to various fuel characteristics on engine performance;
• Analyze the constraints induced by the fuels specifications for the refining and for the OEM
• Evaluate the influence of fuel additives on engine-fuel-lubricant combinations;
• Understand the use of alternative liquid fuels (biofuels, XtL etc.) in current and future engines;
• Identify the lubrication requirements of various powertrain components;
• Choose an oil according to the lubrication constraints of an engine and of a transmission;
• Recommend the lubricant best suited to each component and each condition of use.